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This article is top of theSixteen Kingdoms series. |
Han Zhao |
Cheng Han |
Later Zhao |
Former Liang |
Later Liang |
Southern Liang |
Western Liang |
Northern Liang |
'Former Qin |
Later Qin |
Western Qin |
Former Yan |
Later Yan |
Southern Yan |
Northern Yan |
Western Yan |
Ran Min |
Tuoba |
Yuwen |
Duan |
Tiefu |
Chouchi |
Dingling |
The Former Qin (Chinese character: 前秦, Hanyu pinyin Qiánqín) (351-394) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China. Founded by the Fu family of the Di ethnicity, it completed the unification of North China in 376. Its capital had been Xi'an up to the death of the ruler Fu Jian.
Its defeat in the Battle of Fei and the subsequent uprisings splitted the court into two after the death of Fu Jian; one located at present day Taiyuan, Shanxi and was soon overwhelmed in 386 by the Xianbei under the Later Yan and the Dingling. The other struggled in its greatly reduced territories around the border of present day Shaanxi and Gansu until disintegration in 394 under the years of invasions by the Western Qin and the Later Qin.
All rulers of the Former Qin proclaimed themselves "Emperor".
| Temple names | Posthumous names | Family names and given name | Durations of reigns | Era names and their according durations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese convention: use family and given names | ||||
| Gaozu (高祖 Gāozǔ) | Jingming (景明 Jǐngmíng) | Fu Jian (苻健 Fú Jiàn) | 351-355 | Huangshi (皇始 Huángshǐ) 351-355 |
| Did not exist | King Li (厲王 Lìwáng) ¹ | Fu Sheng (苻生 Fú Shēng) | 355-357 | Shouguang (壽光 Shòuguāng) 355-357 |
| Shizu (世祖 Shìzǔ) | Xuanzhao (宣昭 Xuānzhāo) | Fu Jian (苻堅 Fú Jiān) | 357-385 | Yongxing (永興 Yǒngxīng) 357-359Ganlu (甘露 Gānlù) 359-364 |
| Did not exist | Aiping (哀平 āipíng) | Fu Pi (苻丕 Fú Pī) | 385-386 | Taian (太安 Tàiān) 385-386 |
| Taizong (太宗 Tàizōng) | Gao (高 Gāo) | Fu Deng (苻登 Fú Dēng) | 386-394 | Taichu (太初 Tàichū) 385-394 |
| Did not exist | Houzhu (後主 Hòuzhǔ) | Fu Chong (苻崇 Fú Chóng) | several months in 394 | Yanchu (延初 Yán Chū) 394 |
¹ Fu Sheng was given posthumously the title "wang" even though he had reigned as emperor.
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