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This article addresses the History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia.
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Memoirs and historical studies provide much evidence that in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Rusyn-Jewish relations were generally peaceful abd harmonious. In 1939, census records showed that 80,000 Jews lived in the autonomous province of Ruthenia.
The attitude of some Ruthenians to their Jewish neighbors is vividly represented in the play by Oleksandr Dukhnovych (1803-1865), "Virtue is More Important than Riches briefed here. There were never any pogroms in the "Subcarpathian Rus"; this stands in strong contrast to other Ukrainian territories.
During World War II, once the legal government of Hungary was overthrown by the Germans, the "Final Solution" was also extended to Carpathian Ruthenia.
In April 1944, 17 main ghettos were set up in cities in Ruthenia. 144,000 Jews were rounded up and held there. Starting on May 15, 1944: 14,000 Jews were were taken out of these sites to Auschwitz every day until the last deportation on June 7, 1944.
By June 1944 all the Jews from ghettos of Carpathian Ruthenia had been exterminated, together with other Hungarian Jews. Of more than 100,000 Jews from Carpathian Ruthenia, around 90,000 were murdered. Exept for those who managed to flee, only small number of Jews were saved by Rusyns who hid them.
Since the fall of Communism, archives have recently been opened to allow study of the facts about the implementation of the Final Solution in the province. The most discussed issue is whether, and to what extent, local collaborators helped the Nazis in performing the tasks and to what extent such collaboration was forced upon those collaborators by the threat or actuality of brutal violence against themselves.
Beginning of Jewish settlement in Upper Hungary
Turkish occupation
Habsburg times
(to be written)Czechoslovakia
Jewish-local relations in the eve of WWII
Final solution
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